Thank you for using Who Built America?  The project is currently in beta with new features to be implemented over the coming months, so please check back. If you have feedback or encounter any bugs, please fill out this form.

La Voz del Pueblo/The Voice of the People on the White Caps

Background: The fence-cutting protests by Las Gorras Blancas or the White Caps, a group of subsistence farmers in the late nineteenth-century San Miguel County, New Mexico, were covered by local Spanish language newspapers. In the 1890s, Félix Martínez, one of the founders of the New Mexican populist party, Partido del Pueblo Unido, began publishing, La Voz del Pueblo (The Voice of the People), based in Las Vegas, New Mexico. While not supporting the acts of sabotage against large landowners, the newspaper acknowledged the underlying injustices that gave rise to Las Gorras Blancas.

Los Unos y Los Otros

“La Revista Católica” del día 15 del corriente publica un articulo bastante extenso tocante á los “Gorras Blancas.” Todos los sentimientos demostrados en el mismo, y todas las admoniciones promulgadas por medio de “La Revista” los consideramos muy propios y dueños de madura consideración. Nosotros somos de firme opinion que tal organizacion así llamada “Gorras Blanca” ó “Cachuchas Blancas” como se les quiera decir, no existe enforma de organizacion ú orden. El que se hallan reunido números de hombres disfrazados, en alguna ocasión, no es razon para asegurar que una completa organizacion existe. La inferencia y el hecho son muy distintos; pero sea como fuere, ninguna sociedad donde se exija un juramento con el objecto de guardar secreto malos hechos ó actos encontra de individuos y de la ley, ya sea directa ó indirectamente en perjuicio de la persona ó bienes é intereses de otro, no es justo y honorable, ademas de esto todos tales hechos son cobardes, puesto que se toma la ventaja del disfráz y la fuerza fisica encontra del desaprevenido. Por lo tante, si tal organizacion existe, nuestra opinion es en acorde con “La Revist Católica” ademas por otra parte, nos cabe decir en conección con esto que á todas las naciones se les ha llegado el tiempo que por abusos de los que manejan el gobierno, el pueblo ha tenido que acudir al poder moral, y en veces á la fuerza fisica, pero esto se ha hecho de una manera digna del nombre “hombre” y abiertamente. No se debe extrañar que en tiempos se tenga que levantar un pueblo injuriado y tome el poder en su mano, pero cuando se toma el poder en la mano bajo el disfráz ó la cobardia la luz de la justicia que se reclama, se pierde por el tiempo y se dilata mas el alivio que necesita.  Pues lo que se requiere es que cuando el pueblo se siente injuriado que tome una accion franca, deliberada y determinada en defensa de su derecho. Tambien no se debe perder de vista que una gavilla aun mas perjuiciosa y destrozadora que los “Gorras Blancas” ha existido por muchos años y todavia existe en nuestro medio y estos son los ladrones de terrenos y usurpadores del derecho de los pobres; de estos que compran cien acres de tierra y se quieren apropiar miles; de estos que compran un interes en una merced y se quieren declarar los dueños unicos de toda ella, estos han hecho por años estragos que han causado grandes penas y sufrimientos al pueblo, pero siempre parece que porque suelen tener dinero se las ha dejado pasar y todavia siguen sus depredaciones. Pues si la justicia demanda castigo lo proclama tanto para el altanero de noche como para el usurpado de lo que no le pertenece.

The Ones and The Others

“La Revista Católica”, dated 15th of the current month publishes a fairly extensive article on the “White Caps”. We deem very proper and worthy of deep consideration all the expressed feelings in that article, and all the admonitions promulgated through “La Revista”. We are of the firm opinion that this organization, self-appointed as either “White Caps” or “White Cachuchas”, does not exist in any form of organization. The fact that numerous disguised men gathered on some occasion does not constitute reason enough to ensure the existence of an established organization. That inference is very different from reality; but in any case, any partnership that demands to vow for keeping in secret bad deeds or acts against citizens and against the law, directly or indirectly in detriment of the person or properties and interests of others is not to be considered fair and honorable; in addition these are acts of cowards since the organization takes advantage of being disguised, and uses physical force against the absent-minded. Therefore if this organization exists our opinion is in agreement with “La Revista Católica”; moreover, in connection with this we have to say that the time has come to all nations in which due to abuses from government rulers the people have had to look to moral power and sometimes to physical strength, but this has been done in a manner that honors the word “human” and overtly. It should not be a surprise that an insulted society sometimes rises up and takes power, but when this power is taken under the guise or cowardice the light of justice that is being claimed gets lost in time and the alleviation needed is delayed. When the people feel insulted what is required is to take a straightforward action, deliberated and determined in defense of its rights. It should not be ignored that an even more harmful and destructive gang than the “White Caps” has been in existence for many years and it exists still today in our midst and these are land thieves and appropriators of the rights of the poor; the kind of usurpers who buy one hundred acres of land and intend to appropriate one thousand; the kind of usurpers who buy an interest in a market and want to declare themselves the sole owners of all of it. For years these usurpers have brought ravages that have caused much people’s pain and suffering, but it always seems that just because they usually have money they have been unpunished and their depredations continue. If justice requires punishment it should be proclaimed for the night thief as much as for the one who appropriates what does not belong to him.

Source: La Voz del Pueblo, March 21, 1891, trans. Luis B. Quesada Nieto.