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General Nelson Miles Begins the U.S. Occupation of Puerto Rico

Background: Two months after the U.S. declared war on Spain on July 25, 1898, Nelson Miles, the commanding general of the U.S. Army, led an invasion of Guanica, in southern Puerto Rico. The forces led by Miles acted with the stated goal of “liberating” the island and ending Spanish rule of Puerto Rico. In advance of the invasion, Miles issued a proclamation for Puerto Rican civilians, excerpted here. After the U.S. declared victory over Spain, Miles was named the first head of the military government established on the island, acting as both chief of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs.

¡A LOS HABITANTES DE PTO. RICO!

Como consecuencia de la guerra que trae empeñada contra España el pueblo de los Estados Unidos por la causa de la Libertad, de la Justicia y de la Humanidad, sus fuerzas militares han venido a ocupar la isla de Puerto Rico. Vienen ellas ostentando el estandarte de la Libertad, inspiradas en el noble propósito de buscar a los enemigos de nuestro país y del vuestro. y de destruir o capturar a todos que resistan en las Armas. Os traen el apoyo armado de una nación de pueblo libre, cuyo gran poderío descansa en su justicia y humanidad para todos aquellos que viven bajo su protección y amparo. Por esta razón, el primer efecto de esta ocupación será el cambio inmediato de vuestras antiguas formas políticas, esperando, pues, que aceptéis con júbilo el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos.

El principal propósito de las fuerzas militares americanas será abolir la autoridad armada de España y dar al pueblo de esta hermosa Isla la mayor suma de libertades compatibles con esta ocupación militar.

No hemos venido a hacer la guerra contra el pueblo de un país que ha estado durante algunos siglos oprimido, si no, por el contrario, a traeros protección, no solamente a vosotros si no también a vuestras propiedades, promoviendo vuestra prosperidad y derramando sobre vosotras las garantías y bendiciones de las instituciones de nuestro Gobierno. No tenemos el propósito de intervenir en las leyes y costumbres existentes que fueran sanas y beneficiosas para vuestra pueblo, siempre que se ajusten a los principios de la administración militar, del orden y de la justicia.

Esta no es una guerra de devastación, si no una guerra que proporcionará a todos, con sus fuerzas navales y militares, las ventajas y prosperidad de la esplendorosa civilización.

Nelson A. Miles.
General en Jefe del Ejército de los Estados Unidos


Translation:

TO THE PEOPLE OF PUERTO RICO

As a result of the war waged against Spain by the people of the United States for the cause of Freedom, Justice and Humanity, its military forces have come to occupy the island of Puerto Rico. They come waving the banner of Liberty, driven by the noble purpose of searching for the enemies of our country and yours, and to capture all who resist. They bring you the armed support of a nation of free people, whose great power rests on its justice and humanity for all those who live under its refuge and protection. For this reason, the first outcome of this occupation will be the immediate change of your former political ideals, hoping, therefore, that you will accept, with joy, the government of the United States.

The main objective of the American military forces will be to abolish the armed authority of Spain and give the people of this beautiful island the greatest sum of freedoms compatible with this military occupation.

We have not come to create war against the people of a country that has been oppressed for centuries, but on the contrary, to bring protection not only to you, but also to your property, promoting your prosperity and fostering upon you the guarantees and blessings of the institutions of our Government. We do not intend to interfere with existing laws and customs that would be healthy and beneficial to your people, provided that they conform to the principles of military administration, order, and justice.

This war is not one of destruction, but one that will provide all, with naval and military forces, the advantages and prosperity of splendid civilization.

Nelson A. Miles.
General-in-Chief of the United States Army

Source: General Nelson Miles Cuartel General del Ejército de los Estados Unidos, Proclama a los habitantes de Porto Rico, http://smjegupr.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Proclama-Tratado-de-Paris.pdf.